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Thyroid Gland Disorders: Hypothyroidism
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Description
Hypothyroidism is where the thyroid is underactive (i.e., produces
an insufficient amount of thyroid hormones). Hypothyroidism is the most
common . Severe hypothyroidism
can lead to a condition called myxedema , characterised by dry, thickened
skin and course facial features. The most common cause of hypothyroidism
is the body's autoimmune reaction to itself, producing antibodies against
the thyroid gland. One such autoimmune disorder is called Hashimoto's
thyroiditis , an inflammation of the thyroid gland. Other causes include
treatment of hyperthyroidism such as radioactive iodine treatment or surgery.
Symptoms and Signs
Symptoms of hypothyroidism are usually very subtle and gradual and may
be mistaken for symptoms of depression. However, each individual may experience
the most common
of hypothyroidism differently.
If left untreated, hypothyroidism may lead to ,
low body temperature, and heart failure.
A condition called secondary hypothyroidism
sometimes occurs as a result of a failing pituitary gland. When the pituitary
gland fails, it no longer stimulates the thyroid to produce thyroid hormones.
In underdeveloped countries, a chronic lack of iodine in the diet (needed
to produce thyroid hormones) is a major cause of hypothyroidism. This
cause of hypothyroidism has virtually disappeared in the US and Western
World.
Diagnosis and Treatment
In addition to a complete medical history and medical examination, diagnostic
procedures for hypothyroidism may include blood tests to measure levels
of thyroid hormones and the thyroid-stimulating hormones produced by the
pituitary gland.
The goal of treatment is to restore the thyroid gland to normal function,
producing normal levels of thyroid hormones. Treatment may include prescription
of thyroid hormones to replace the deficient hormones. Dosage of thyroid
hormone may need to be increased over the years. Annual or biannual check-ups
are usually required to ensure the proper dosage of thyroid hormones is
taken. A patient usually takes thyroid hormones for the rest of his/her
life.
The information in this page is presented in summarised form and has been taken
from the following source(s):
1.
University of Maryland Medical System Online Health Guides:
http://www.umm.edu/
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Introduction
