What is the gastroesophageal reflex? What role can it play in gastroesophageal competence?
A. Shafik (Cairo) 

What is the effect of gastric distention on occurrence of TLESR?
J. Fioramonti (Toulouse) 

What is the role of gastric common cavity waves in gastric emptying and GER?
L.F. Johnson (Birmingham) 

What is the correlation between gastric secretory volume and reflux frequency?
A. Dubois (Bethesda) 

Is there a relationship between gastric dysrhythmias and delayed gastric emptying?
E.H. Metman, L. d'Alteroche, L. Picon (Tours) 

Can the relevance of abnormalities of gastric emptying to the pathogenesis of GERD be asserted? How should the frequently normal or accelerated gastric emptying of solids and liquids in GERD be interpreted?
A. Dubois (Bethesda) 

Are antroduodenal motility studies of value in childhood GER?
C. Di Lorenzo (Pittsburgh) 

What is the role of endogenous 5-HT in gastric contractions?
A. Mizumoto, Z. Itoh (Maebashi) 

What is the effect of CCK A antagonists (loxiglumide) on solid and liquid gastric emptying?
R.L. Brown, J. Sarosiek, R.W. McCallum (Kansas City) 

What is the role of nitric oxide on the pyloric tone and gastric emptying?
M. Anvari (Hamilton) 

What is the value of electrogastrography in reflux disease?
R.W. McCallum, I. Soykan (Kansas City) 

Should laparoscopic serosal electromyography be widely used to investigate the electromechanical activity of the stomach?
E. Van Cutsem, L. Filez, J. Janssens (Leuven) 

Duodenogastroesophageal reflux

Is the percentage of duodenal marker refluxing into the stomach significantly higher in patients with GER than in healthy subjects?
A. Dubois (Bethesda) 

Do the methods of evaluating duodenogastric reflux (pH monitoring or radionuclide technique) allow for a different interpretation?
M. Fein, K.H. Fuchs (Würzburg) 

What is the value of cholescintigraphy using miniaturized g detector probes in diagnosing "alkaline" reflux?
J. Williams (Swansea) 

Is bilirubin measurement accurate in an acid environment?
J.E. Richter (Cleveland) 

Is there a risk of interference of some foods with in vivo measurements?
K.H. Fuchs, J. Heimbucher, J. Maroske, M. Fein, S.M. Freys (Würzburg) 

Is direct intra-esophageal aspiration over an entire circadian cycle the most accurate means of detecting bile acids and pancreatic enzymes in the esophagus?
W.K.H. Kauer, H.J. Stein (Munich) 

What is the reliability of the portable spectro-photometer with a fiberoptic probe to detect bilirubin in bile refluxate? Is sensitivity of Bilitec likely to be improved?
P. Bechi, F. Baldini, F. Cianchi (Florence) 

Does dual-channel pH-monitoring give similar results?
P.J. Byrne (Dublin) 

What is the respective correlation between light absorption on Bilitec monitoring and bilirubin/bile acid concentration?
H.J. Stein, D. Liebermann-Meffert, F. Stipa (Munich) 

What are the best indications for use of Bilitec 2000 monitoring in association with pH monitoring? Should it be proposed in patients with typical GER symptoms or "endoscopic esophagitis"?
P. Bechi (Florence) 

What is the temporal relationship existing between a rising gastric pH and esophageal
pH >= 7?
J.E. Richter (Cleveland) 

Are physiological bile acids toxic to the esophagus in an acid environment? Is there a difference with commercial bile as used in experimental studies?
J.W. Harmon (Baltimore), L.F. Johnson (Birmingham) 

What are the normal limits for 24-hour gastroesophageal bile reflux?
P. Bechi, F. Pucciani, F. Cianchi (Florence) 

Should the term "alkaline reflux" continue to be used?
J.E. Richter (Cleveland)