The manometric definition of the LES
E.M.M. Quigley (Omaha) Full article (members only)

Does atropine affect the manometric response of the LES during increased abdominal pressure?
G.G. Jamieson, B.R. Landers (Adelaide) Full article (members only)

What are the problems associated with sphincter pressure measurements?
M. Wienbeck, J. Barnert, S. Doesel (Augsburg) Full article (members only)

What are the methodological factors influencing LESP measurements?
T.R. Weihrauch (Wuppertal) Full article (members only)

What are the device-dependent factors that affect the accuracy of esophageal manometry?
M. Wienbeck, C. Schwarz, J. Barnert, A. Majewicz (Augsburg) Full article (members only)

Is the LESP the same at night as during the day time? The same on different days?
G.W.B Clark, D.J. Bowrey, M.K. Roy, P.D. Carey (Cardiff) Full article (members only)

Can longitudinal contractions of the esophageal wall be measured?
D. Armstrong (Hamilton) Full article (members only)

How is the quantitative analysis of LESP made in stationary or in continuous pull-through technique? What are the compared advantages of each technique?
C.E. Pope II (Seattle) Full article (members only)

What is the value of a single measurement of LESP using the rapid pull-through technique?
R.H. Holloway (Adelaide) Full article (members only)

Does the mechanical stimulation of the LES by rapid pull-through maneuver cause a rise in LESP?
T.R. Weihrauch (Wuppertal) Full article (members only)

Does the low compliance pneumohydraulic perfusion pump system allow for recording rates of sufficient amplitude for the LES?
P.J. Kahrilas (Chicago) Full article (members only)

What are the limitations of perfused side-hole and Dent sleeve manometry?
G. Cargill (Paris), J.P. Vergnet (Ecully) Full article (members only)

To investigate the effects of diaphragmatic contractions on LESP and LES movements, what is the use of the reverse-perfused Dent sleeve?
R.H. Holloway (Adelaide) Full article (members only)

What artifacts can be expected with the reverse-perfused sleeve?
R.H. Holloway (Adelaide) Full article (members only)

According to the modifications occurring during and after swallows, how can the real pressure of the sphincter be evaluated?
J.A. Castell (Philadelphia) Full article (members only)

What is the reproducibility of the interpretation of manometric tracings?
J. Janssens, D. Sifrim, J.Tack (Leuven) Full article (members only)

Which value of the LES pressure and LES relaxation best evaluates the antireflux barrier?
D.O. Castell (Philadelphia) Full article (members only)

What investigation should be carried out in GERD patients with normal LESP at standard manometry?
D.O. Castell (Philadelphia) Full article (members only)

Microtransducers and new technologies

What are the advantages of intraluminal microtransducers over perfused side-hole manometry systems? What are their disadvantages?
J.A. Castell (Philadelphia) Full article (members only)

What are the differences between the two types of microtransducers: metal diaphragm strain gauges and piezoresistive silicon chips?
G. Cargill (Paris), J.P. Vergnet (Ecully) Full article (members only)

Are intraluminal microtransducers suitable for prolonged sphincter recordings?
G.E. Boeckxstaens, G.N.J. Tytgat (Amsterdam), R.H. Holloway (Adelaide) Full article (members only)

Should asymmetry of the LES make interpretation of manometric data obtained from undirectional sensors questionable? Do they allow detection of segmental contractions of the esophagus?
W.P. Stuppy, H.P. Zhang (Los Angeles) Full article (members only)

What is the role of three-dimensional manometric imaging of the LES?
H.J. Stein, O. Korn (Munich) Full article (members only)

What is the value of the new motility laser sensor system to simultaneously record esophageal body and LES pressures in ambulatory patients?
J.H. Schneider (Tübingen) Full article (members only)

What can be said about circumferentially sensitive microtransducers for acute sphincter measurements?
J.A. Castell (Philadelphia) Full article (members only)

What can be expected from through-the-scope-manometry in detecting esophageal motility disorders?
A.J. Cameron, P.Y. Kwo, S.F. Phillips (Rochester) Full article (members only)

Do motorized pull-through techniques give further information? What are the normal values for these techniques?
M. Costantini (Padova), R.M. Bremner, S.F. Hoeft, P.F. Crookes, T.R. DeMeester (Los Angeles) Full article (members only)

What are the specific problems related to microtransducers?
M. Wienbeck (Augsburg) Full article (members only)

What are the new LES manometric parameters likely to be expected from computer-aided systems in evaluation of GERD?
E. Ancona, M. Costantini, G. Zaninotto, M. Anselmino, C. Boccù (Padova) Full article (members only)

Do prolonged measurement techniques allow for precise evaluation of the LESP, primary persistaltic contractions, abnormal peristaltic waves occurring without swallowing?
J. Janssens, J. Tack, D. Sifrim (Leuven) Full article (members only)

Should the reproducibility of ambulatory esophageal manometry encourage more universal use of this technology?
R.M. Bremner, T.R. DeMeester (Los Angeles) Full article (members only)

In addition to manometry, does electromyography of the esophagus give more information on the mechanisms of esophageal peristalsis and the cause of motility disorders at the EGJ?
L. Wallin (Copenhagen) Full article (members only)