406. What are the detailed connections of the swallowing center ?
J. Christensen (Iowa City)

407. How is the timing of the sequence of nerve discharges required in swallowing achieved ?
J. Christensen (Iowa City)

408. What is the nature of transmission of inhibition by the nonadrenergic noncholinergic nerves to esophageal smooth muscle ?
J. Christensen (Iowa City)

409. What are the specific structures in esophageal smooth muscle that account for the flaccidity of the esophageal body and the tonic contraction of the lower esophageal sphincter ?
J. Christensen (Iowa City)

410. What is the role of the pharyngeal constrictors in pharyngo-esophageal dysfunction ?
P. Gehanno (Paris)

411. What is the incidence of transient disorders ?
G. Cargill (Paris)

412. Does a normal peristaltic pattern necessarily exclude defective transport ?
G. Kjellen (Kalmar)

413. In such cases of patients with dysphagia, should scintigraphy be regarded as a valuable or even the key investigation ?
G. Kjellen (Kalmar)

414. Can electromyography studies help to differentiate the various idiopathic motility disorders ?
S.B. Benjamin (Washington)

415. Can manometry contribute to the choice of treatment and the determination of prognosis ?
J. Salducci (Marseilles)

416. What is the role of myotomy in treatment of diverticula associated with esophageal motor disorders ?
EH. Ellis Jr (Boston)

417. What are the results of esophageal surgery in patients with noncardiac chest pain and nonspecific esophageal motility disorder ?
J.A.C. Thorpe, LF. Smith (Sheffield)

418. The treatment of associated reflux is likewise the subject of debate
M. Delvaux, J.M. Suduca, J. Frexinos (Toulouse)

419. What is the role of scintigraphy in the evaluation of treatment ?
J.M. Llamas Elvira, M. Martinez Paredes (Cordoba)

420. Different pharmacologic agents have led to revision of this chapter of digestive pathology through their effect on the LES and the motility of the esophagus
D. Couturier (Paris)